Daguerreotype view of a group posing in front of J. H. Phillips Photograph Gallery and a hat store at the southwest corner of Third Street (Memorial Drive today) and Washington Avenue in St. Louis, Missouri, 1865.
Source: Missouri History Museum.
Showing posts sorted by date for query memorial. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by date for query memorial. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Friday, December 15, 2017
Daguerreotype view of a group posing in front of J. H. Phillips... 13
Friday, July 7, 2017
Portrait of firemen of the K.C. Barker Company No. 4 posing with... 13
Portrait of firemen of the K.C. Barker Company No. 4 posing with their horse-drawn fire engine in front of their fire station during memorial parade for Abraham Lincoln in Detroit, Michigan, April 25, 1865.
Source: Detroit Historical Society.
Friday, June 9, 2017
"For God’s sake, Benjamin, do not get a fishing reputation at the start;…take a..." 11
“For God’s sake, Benjamin, do not get a fishing reputation at the start;…take a fool’s advice and watch Public Opinion, and let Grover Cleveland go fishing.”
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Leroy Walker to Benjamin Harrison, August 17th, 1888.
Walker, a resident of the National Military Home in Leavenworth, Kansas, warned the candidate not to associate himself with fishing. President Cleveland had upset numerous G.A.R. veterans when he was caught fishing on Decoration Day (now called Memorial Day). Harrison went ahead and fished anyway, and read Tolstoy in the evenings before work.
Candidate Harrison was taking a break from the campaign up on Middle Bass Island in Lake Erie at the invitation of Ohio Governor J. B. Foraker and former Governor Charles Foster. While in the Buckeye State, the candidate gave a few speeches, but focused on writing his official letter of acceptance of the Republican nomination.
Tuesday, May 30, 2017
forgotteniowa: Centralia, PennsylvaniaPopulation: 10“Analysts... 14
Centralia, Pennsylvania
Population: 10“Analysts disagree about the specific cause of the Centralia fire. Writer David Dekok concluded that it started incident to cleanup of the town landfill. In May 1962, the Centralia Borough Council hired five members of the volunteer fire company to clean up the town landfill, located in an abandoned strip-mine pit next to the Odd Fellows Cemetery just outside the borough limits. This had been done prior to Memorial Day in previous years when the landfill was in a different location.
On May 27, 1962, the firefighters, as they had in the past, set the dump on fire and let it burn for some time. Unlike in previous years, however, the fire was not fully extinguished. An unsealed opening in the pit allowed the fire to enter the labyrinth of abandoned coal mines beneath Centralia. According to a legend, the Bast Colliery coal fire of 1932 was never fully extinguished. In 1962, it reached the landfill area.
Few homes remain standing in Centralia. Most of the abandoned buildings have been demolished by the Columbia County Redevelopment Authority or reclaimed by nature. At a casual glance, the area now appears to be a field with many paved streets running through it. Some areas are being filled with new-growth forest. The remaining church in the borough, St. Mary’s, holds weekly services on Sunday. It has not yet been directly affected by the fire. The town’s four cemeteries—including one on the hilltop that has smoke rising around and out of it—are maintained in good condition.”
Tuesday, May 23, 2017
"There is one candidate here who at present apparently has no chance, but who, nevertheless, seems to..." 11
“There is one candidate here who at present apparently has no chance, but who, nevertheless, seems to me to possess more popular qualifications than any other, and that is Gen. Benjamin Harrison of Indiana. I do not know him, never met him, but he rose from the humblest beginnings until he became the leader of the bar of his state. He enlisted in the Civil War as a second lieutenant, and be conspicuous bravery and skill upon the battlefield, came out as a brigadier general. As United States Senator he became informed about Federal Affairs. His grandfather, President William Henry Harrison, had one of the most picturesque campaigns in our history. There are enough survivors of that ‘hard cider and log cabin’ canvass to make an attractive contribution on the platform at every meeting, and thus add a certain historic flavor to General Harrison’s candidacy.”
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Chauncey M. Depew, quoted in the Report of the Benjamin Harrison Memorial Commission (77th Cong. 1st Sess., House Doc. No. 154), p. 137.
Depew claimed credit for convincing the New York delegation to support Harrison. He had been New York’s ‘favorite son,’ but withdrew. In November of 1888, just after the election, Depew said in an interview with the Rochester Morning Herald that a “harmony dinner” he’d hosted pushed the delegation toward Harrison’s camp.
jamaicanblackcastoroil: sauvamente: votariies: sauvamente: th... 14
Louisiana House passes bill banning the removal of Confederate statues, black caucus walks out
- State lawmakers in Louisiana passed a bill Monday night seeking to ban further removal of contentious Confederate monuments.
- State House black caucus members walked out of the House chamber in protest after their peers voted 65-31 in favor of House Bill 71, which would ban the removal of any military memorial plaque, statue or other monument from public property throughout the state without an approving vote from local residents, according to multiple sources.
- “Members, we have 18 bills left, so don’t go far,” a legislative leader is heard saying in video of the vote as the black legislators left the chamber one by one.
- Now the measure goes to the state Senate for consideration, but even if it passes and is ultimately signed into law, it likely won’t stop the ongoing removal of the four Confederate monuments in New Orleans, the Advocate reported. Read more (5/16/17)
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White people so damn evil like y'all lost get over it, bad enough you got prisoners serving lunch and working in the governor mansion
What’s even more incredible is that the initial effort to remove those statues was in direct response to Dylann Roof’s white supremacist attack on Black church goers. Knowing that Roof posed with things like the confederate battle flag, the mayor of New Orleans called for the removal of those statues in order to communicate that those racist monuments weren’t just old mementos of the past: white supremacists, today, see those monuments and feel vindicated by them, feel compelled to complete what their foiled ancestors started. Reneging on the promise to take them down is the equivalent of saying that those 9 people who died and the entire community that was traumatized because of a confederacy-obsessed white man do not matter because white supremacy is not a threat to the ideals New Orleans imagines itself as representing as a state. Which, let’s be frank, is a more honest rendering of the United State’s relationship to African Americans and Black people in general, but it’d be great if they could at least pretend to want to be accountable for the harm structures and cultures of white supremacy have done to Black people.
Being accountable means they would have to take responsibility for the climate it takes to build these racist terroristic monsters. These motherfuckers still worshipping ghosts and wondering why they stuck.
Always telling us to get over slavery but won’t get over honoring dead confederates
Saturday, March 11, 2017
Earlier Versions of the Coat Line 11
One of the most enduring and popular lines from Benjamin Harrison remains this remark:
I cannot always sympathize with that demand which we hear so frequently for cheap things. Things may be too cheap. They are too cheap when the man or woman who produces them upon the farm or the man or woman who produces them in the factory does not get out of them living wages with a margin for old age and for a dowry for the incidents that are to follow. I pity the man who wants a coat so cheap that the man or woman who produces the cloth or shapes it into a garment will starve in the process.
Given to a crowd in Vermont on August 28th, 1891, shortly after the McKinley Tariff went into effect. There were earlier versions, included below:
“[I am not in] sympathy with this demand for cheaper coats, which seems…necessarily to involve a cheaper man and woman under the coat.”
Report of the Benjamin Harrison Memorial Commission p. 141
“I think I saw the other day, in one of our Indianapolis papers, a good overcoat advertised for $1.87, and it must be a pretty mean man that wants to get one for a dollar…whenever the market price is so low that the man or woman who makes the article cannot get a fair living out of making it, it is too low.”
Life of Gen. Ben Harrison p. 295 quoting a speech of December 20th, 1887.
Sunday, February 26, 2017
February 26th 1993: World Trade Center bombingOn this day in...
February 26th 1993: World Trade Center bombing
On this day in 1993, a truck bomb was detonated below the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The bomb was intended to knock the North Tower into the South Tower to destroy them both, but this did not occur. The attack still killed six people, including a pregnant woman, and injured over one thousand. The terrorist attack was planned by a group of conspirators and masterminded by Ramzi Yousef. In 1994, four men were convicted of carrying out the bombing and two more were convicted in 1997. The group were funded by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who would go on to be the principal co-ordinator behind the destruction of the Twin Towers on September 11th 2001. The memorial to the victims of the 1993 attack was destroyed on 9/11, but they are currently memorialised at the North Pool of the National 9/11 Memorial, opened in 2011.
“It felt like an airplane hit the building”
- eye-witness Bruce Pomper on the 1993 attack
Thursday, December 8, 2016
December 8th 1941: Battle of Hong Kong beginsOn this day in...
Eastern Hong Kong, November 1941 (http://ift.tt/2hnXzo5)
Canadian and British POWs awaiting liberation ](http://ift.tt/2hnXzo5)
Sai Wan Bay Memorial to those who died in Hong Kong's defence (http://ift.tt/2hnXzo5)
December 8th 1941: Battle of Hong Kong begins
On this day in 1941, during the Second World War, the Battle of Hong Kong began. The attack on the then British colony of Hong Kong began just hours after the Japanese attacked the American base of Pearl Harbor, marking the beginning of Japan’s quest for domination in Asia. The British government was sceptical of their chances of defending the outpost, but in September 1941 drafted Canadian troops to Hong Kong. The Battle of Hong Kong lasted 17 days, seeing heavy bombardment and fierce fighting, including a massacre at an Allied hostpital. The 12,000 Allied troops - comprising Canadians, Britons, Indians, and locals - were vastly outnumbered by the 50,000 Japanese. Ultimately, over 2,000 Allied troops died trying to defend Hong Kong, and the British governor surrendered on December 25th. The Japanese occupied Hong Kong until August 1945; after the war, the Japanese governor was executed for war crimes. The battle of Hong Kong remains an important moment in Canadian and Commonwealth history, for, despite overwhelming odds and little military training, the Allied forces refused to surrender, and many subsequently endured brutal conditions as prisoners of war.
75 years ago today
Saturday, October 1, 2016
The First Presbyterian Church Remembers Caroline Harrison, 1925 11
Mrs. Benjamin Harrison belonged to a younger group; she was a power. Her tastes were artistic, her creations in needlework lovely and her vitality charming. She laughed readily and her gaiety and intellectual gifts made her delightful to the younger women coming into the church.
Indianapolis, First Presbyterian Church, Centennial Memorial, 1823-1923 (Greenfield, IN, 1925).
Friday, August 26, 2016
the-movemnt: The Equal Justice Initiative is building a... 14
The Equal Justice Initiative is building a memorial for lynching victims — and it’s about time.
The Equal Justice Initiative announced on Tuesday that it will build the first-ever national memorial to lynching victims in Montgomery, Alabama. Titled “Memorial to Peace and Justice,” the EJI project will sit on six acres of land that used to be a public housing project in Montgomery.
The structure will include the thousands of lynching victims’ names on concrete columns, which will represent hundreds of U.S. counties where the acts took place. The memorial will also coincide with the opening of a museum.
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Monday, May 30, 2016
Harrison’s Remarks at the Memorial Dedication for James A. Garfield, May 30th, 1890 11
After the oration by ex-Governor Cox, the singers rendered the famous Hallelujah Chorus, and then there were vociferous demands for President Harrison from the audience. The cheers and hand clapping were so great that two or three minutes elapsed before General Hayes could be heard. He finally lifted his right hand and held it suspended until perfect quiet was restored. “You will now have the pleasure,” he said, “of extending greetings with the President of the United States.”
President Harrison, as he came forward, was given an enthusiastic ovation. The cheers and applause were tremendous. The President stepped to the front of the platform, waited patiently for the uproar to subside, and then began his address, which was delivered in the most impressive manner possible. Almost every sentence was enthusiastically cheered. The President seemed thoroughly imbued with the spirit of the occasion, and every remark rang with sincerity and patriotism. He said :
MR. CHAIRMAN AND FELLOW CITIZENS: — I thank you most sincerely for this cordial greeting, but I shall not be betrayed by it into a lengthy speech. The selection of this day for these exercises, a day consecrated to the memory of those who died that there might be one flag of honor and authority in this Republic [applause], is most fitting. That one flag encircles us with its folds to-day, the unrivaled object of our loyal love. [Applause.]
This monument, so imposing and tasteful, fittingly typifies the grand and symmetrical character of him in whose honor it has been builded. [Applause.] His was “The arduous greatness of things done.” No friendly hands constructed and placed for his ambition a ladder upon which he might climb. His own brave hands framed and nailed the cleats upon which he climbed to the heights of public usefulness and fame. [Applause.] He never ceased to be student and instructor. Turning from peaceful pur suits to army service, he quickly mastered tactics and strategy, and in a brief army career taught some valuable lessons in military science. [Applause.] Turning again from the field to the councils of State, he stood among the great debaters that have made our National Congress illustrious. What he might have been or done as President of the United States is chiefly left to friendly augury, based upon a career that had no incident of failure or inadequacy. [Applause.] The cruel circumstances attending his death had but one amelioration— that space of life was given him to teach from his dying bed a great lesson of patience and forbearance. [Applause]. His mortal part will find honorable rest here, but the lessons of his life and death will continue to be instructive and inspiring incidents in American history. [Great Applause.]
President Harrison’s address created a profound impression. He spoke with the utmost earnestness, and every word was plainly audible everywhere. He was cheered to the echo.
Wednesday, April 13, 2016
April 13th 1919: Jallianwala Bagh massacreOn this day in 1919,...
Depiction of the massacre (http://ift.tt/1kLJHUE
memorial to the victims
plaque in the garden today
April 13th 1919: Jallianwala Bagh massacre
On this day in 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in the Jallianwala Bagh public garden in the Indian city of Amritsar in the Punjab region. The gathered crowd were non-violent Indian nationalists - protesting British conscription of Indians and heavy war tax - and pilgrims celebrating the holiday of Baisakhi. Fifty British soldiers, under the leadership of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, opened fire on the gathering; Dyer told his men to shoot to kill. The Jallianwala Bagh garden had only a few narrow entrances, and the stampedes to flee at these narrow pathways caused a number of additional deaths. A curfew was in place, and thus no-one could attend to the wounded, who were left to die overnight. The British Raj claimed 379 fatalities, but the Indian National Congress put the figure much higher at around 1,000. The brutality of the unwarranted attack, and initial praise for Dyer from the British government, caused outrage in India. The massacre seemed emblematic of the issues of rule by a foreign power, and the tragic incident is seen as an important step on the path to Indian independence.
Tuesday, March 29, 2016
March 29th 1947: Malagasy revolt beginsOn this day in 1947,...
Malagasy fighter (wikipedia)
French troops (http://ift.tt/1RExUVB)
Memorial to the revolt (wikipedia)
March 29th 1947: Malagasy revolt begins
On this day in 1947, Malagasy nationalists began an uprising against French colonial rule in Madagascar. The island became a French overseas territory the previous year, which prompted the establishment of the pro-independence political party Mouvement Democratique de la Renovation Malagache (MDRM). In March 1947, Malagasy (the primary ethnic group of Madagascar) nationalist tribesmen revolted in the eastern part of the island. The revolt rapidly spread across Madagascar, seizing one third of the island. However, once French soldiers received reinforcements, they were able to quicky quell the rebellion. The suppression was swift and bloody, with Malagasy people subject to torture, rape, and mass execution. By the time the rebellion ended, in December 1948, tens of thousands of Malagasy people (estimates range between 10,000 to 90,000), had lost their lives. While the poliitcal leaders of the MDRM denied responsibility for the revolt, the party was outlawed by the French. Twenty military officials were executed for their role in the uprising, followed by thousands of further convictions. While the uprising was officially suppressed, Malagasy nationalists continued to wage a guerilla war against the French. In 1958, France allowed the people of Madagascar to vote on their future, and they decided to become autonomous within the French community. The country became a republic in October 1958, and fully independent in 1960.
Monday, February 22, 2016
February 22nd 1943: White Rose group executedOn this day in...
The Scholls and Probst
Memorial to the White Rose at the University of Munich
The Scholls' graves
February 22nd 1943: White Rose group executed
On this day in 1943, three members of the peaceful resistance movement in Nazi Germany, the White Rose, were executed. The White Rose, comprising students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor, began in June 1942. The group secretly distributed leaflets protesting against the regime of Adolf Hitler and the war being waged in Europe, highlighting the repressive nature of the Nazi police state and drawing attention to the mistreatment of Jews. The group took precautions to avoid capture by keeping the White Rose group very small. However, on 18th February 1943, the siblings Sophie and Hans Scholl were discovered distributing leaflets by a university janitor, who informed the Gestapo. Hans and Sophie were arrested and immediately admitted guilt, hoping to avoid being coerced into implicating their fellow members of the White Rose, but after further interrogation were forced to give up the names. Four days later, the Scholls and Christoph Probst - some of the founding members of the group - were put on trial and found guilty of treason; they were sentenced to death. That same day, February 22nd, the three were executed by beheading at Stadelheim Prison. After their executions, the remaining members were arrested and killed, thus ending the White Rose resistance movement. The White Rose, alongside other groups like the Edelweiss Pirates, are an important example of Germans speaking out against Hitler’s regime, and their deaths are yet another in the litany of Nazi crimes.
“We will not be silent. We are your bad conscience. The White Rose will not leave you in peace!”
Thursday, February 18, 2016
February 18th 1873: Vasil Levski executedOn this day in 1873, by...
Vasil Levski (1837 - 1873)
Memorial to Levski at the site of his execution in Sofia (image from Trip Advisor)
February 18th 1873: Vasil Levski executed
On this day in 1873, by the new-style calendar, Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski was executed in Sofia, aged 35. Levski was born as Vasil Kunchev in Karlovo in 1837, and as a young adult became a deacon. However, he soon gave up the monastic life and fled to Serbia to enlist in a Bulgarian legion fighting against the Ottoman Empire. During this time, he earned the nickname Levski (‘lionlike’), and became convinced that Bulgaria would only be liberated from oppressive Ottoman rule if the movement was highly organised and energised the massses. He envisioned a democratic republican government for an independent Bulgaria, with freedom of expression, speech, and association enshrined in law; liberated Bulgaria would be a land of ethnic and religious equality. In an attempt to stoke revolutionary fervour, Levski began setting up local committees in Bulgaria itself - moving away from a foreign-based movement. By the early 1870s, he had successfully established a clandestine revolutionary network in localities across Bulgaria, led by a central body in the town of Lovech. However, in 1872, a failed robbery of a Turkish post office alerted the authorities to the presence and scope of the revolutionary organisation. The police then began a crackdown of revolutionaries, but Levski refused to heed the advice of his peers and begin the revolution, as he did not believe the population was adequately prepared. Levski was ultimately arrested and sentenced to death by hanging, though he refused to surrender the names of his accomplicies; he was sent to the gallows in Sofia in February 1873. Levski’s death threw the revolutionary movement into disarray, but, five years after his execution, his dream was realised and Bulgaria secured its independence. Today, Vasil Levski is remembered in Bulgaria as a national hero, known as the ‘apostle of freedom’.
“If I shall win, I shall win for the entire people. If I shall lose, I shall lose only myself”
Friday, February 12, 2016
February 12th 1914: Lincoln Memorial groundbreakingOn this day...
The cornerstone is laid
The memorial under construction
The Lincoln Memorial
February 12th 1914: Lincoln Memorial groundbreaking
On this day in 1914 in Washington DC, work officially began on the Lincoln Memorial. There had been many attempts by Congress to build a monument to the sixteenth president, famous for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, and in 1910 a bill funding the memorial passed the Senate. On February 12th 1914, the 105th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s birth, the groundbreaking ceremony took place; the next year on the same day, the cornerstone was laid. The memorial was completed in 1922, featuring a statue of Lincoln and inscriptions of his famous Gettysburg Address and Second Inaugural Address. Today, the memorial is an iconic tribute to one of America’s greatest presidents, and has been the site of major events in American history, most famously Martin Luther King’s 1963 “I Have a Dream” speech.
“IN THIS TEMPLE
AS IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE
FOR WHOM HE SAVED THE UNION
THE MEMORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
IS ENSHRINED FOREVER”
Sunday, January 24, 2016
Presidential libraries are huge failures 11
Presidential libraries are huge failures:
Continue Reading...
The Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site continues to be privately funded, owned, and operated for the public good. The bulk of Harrison’s presidential papers reside in the Library of Congress, but the BHPS maintains a vast assortment of materials relating to his early career and retirement at no public cost, for the public good.
There are thirteen Presidential libraries. FDR established the first, Hoover built his later, and since then every former Executive has received a publicly-maintained library. Until 1978, Presidential papers were regarded as the personal property of the President, and individual Executives disposed of their papers as each saw fit.
The National Parks Service owns and operates museums for five of the eleven presidents who served while General Harrison was in politics: Andrew Johnson, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft. Abraham Lincoln’s papers reside at a Presidential Library and Museum that the State of Illinois owns and operates. Mississippi State University hosts the Grant library, and the Ohio Historical Society has a library for Rutherford Hayes, the oldest of its kind. William McKinley’s home in Canton, Ohio burned in 1937, but the Stark County Historical Society reestablished a museum on the site. Chester Arthur has no memorial; his home in New York City houses a Mediterranean grocery store and three floors of private apartments.
The Lincoln, Grant, Hayes, and McKinley papers all reside at the various museums listed above. Grover Cleveland donated his papers to Princeton University, and Roosevelt’s ended up at Harvard. Harrison’s papers are split between the Library of Congress and the Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site. Chester Arthur, a famously private man, burned many of his papers. The rest reside in the Library of Congress, along with the Johnson, Garfield, and Taft collections.
Wednesday, December 16, 2015
December 16th 705: Empress Wu Zetian diesOn this day in 705, Wu...
Wu Zetian (624 - 705)
Wu's memorial tablet, which was left blank with the expectation of being enscribed with an epitaph, which never happened (source: http://ift.tt/1O6gGeH
December 16th 705: Empress Wu Zetian dies
On this day in 705, Wu Zetian, the only sovereign empress of China, died aged 81. Born during the Tang dynasty, she entered the court of Emperor Taizong as a concubine when she was 14 years old. After Taizong’s death, the new emperor Gaozong defied custom and chose the well-educated Wu to remain as his favourite concubine. She rose to become Gaozong’s empress in 655, after elimating the current empress by allegedly killing her own child and framing the empress. The new empress quickly silenced the elder statesmen who opposed her position on the grounds that she did not hail from the established aristocracy, with critics exiled and, often, executed. Emperor Gaozong was a sickly man, and frequently entrusted affairs of state to Wu, who managed imperial business essentially single-handedly. Wu was a capable leader, known for her sound management, her decisiveness, and her ruthlessness; these attributes won her the respect, and fear, of the Chinese imperial court. Her greatest accomplishments included agricultural and education reform, stabilisation of the imperial bureaucracy, and imperial expansion. Upon Gaozong’s death in 683, his son by Wu ascended to the throne, but, concerned by the machinations of his ambitious wife, Wu had him exiled and installed her other son as emperor. In 690, when she was 65 years old, the empress claimed the throne for herself, and ruled as a sovereign empress for 15 years. The question of succession led Wu to designate her exiled son as heir, rather than choosing a member of her own family, thus ensuring the continuation of the Tang dynasty. In 705, senior officials conspired to compel the aging Wu to yield power to her son. She accepted their demands and retired from the throne, dying in December of that year. Despite decades of condemnation as a vicious usurper, the achievements of Empress Wu Zetian, who defied the gender conventions of her day, are increasingly being acknowledged.
Wednesday, December 2, 2015
December 2nd 1988: Bhutto sworn inOn this day in 1988, Benazir...
Benazir Bhutto (1953 - 2007)
Memorial to Bhutto at the site of her assassination
December 2nd 1988: Bhutto sworn in
On this day in 1988, Benazir Bhutto was sworn in as the eleventh Prime Minister of Pakistan, becoming the first woman to head the government of a Muslim state. Daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, former Prime Minister and founder of the Pakistan People’s Party, Bhutto was educated at Harvard University and Oxford. She returned to Pakistan in 1977, the same year that a military coup toppled her father’s popularly elected government; Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was later hanged, and Benazir took over leadership of the PPP. The coup resulted in a military dictatorship under General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, forcing Bhutto and the PPP into exile. However, Bhutto returned to Pakistan in 1986 to push for open elections. Two years later, Zia ul-Haq was killed in a plane crash, and Bhutto was elected to the premiership that December. As Prime Minister, Bhutto’s tough stance with trade unions and other rivals earned her the nickname ‘Iron Lady’, in homage to Margaret Thatcher in Britain. Her government was defeated in the 1990 election amid allegdations of misconduct, but Bhutto was re-elected in 1993. However, her administrated was dismissed in 1996 by President Leghari on charges of corruption, for which she was convicted two years later. In 2007, Bhutto returned to Pakistan having received amnesty from President Musharraf, though immediately was faced with threats and attempted assassination. On December 27th of that year, while campaigning for the general election at a rally in Rawalpindi, Benazir Bhutto was killed by an assassin, who also detonated a bomb which killed almost thirty others. Bhutto is significant for her role in Pakistan’s opposition politics, as well as her status as Pakistan’s only female Prime Minister.
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